Starting with Ubuntu

-
Image
Hardware is nothing but finely designed machinery. A machine is ultimately a machine only, which is always made to work. It is the kernel on an operating system that makes the hardware alive. There is a hugely popular operating system Linux which is mostly used in most sincere applications.  Linux is an open source operating system (i.e., its code is also available) created by a Finnish student Linus Torvalds . Linux is available in multiple distributions such as Ubuntu, Red Hat, Linux Mint, Fedora, Debian, CentOS and many more. In this session, you shall learn to work with Ubuntu distribution of Linux. It's derived from Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software. Ubuntu is officially released in multiple editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet of things devices and robots. The operating system is developed by the British company Canonical and a community of other developers, under a meritocratic governance model. Starting Ubuntu When you boot your comput
Post a Comment

Mobile System Organization

-

Modern mobile system are tiny computers in your hand. Although they have less computing power compared to their bigger versions, they handle diverse type of applications such as making calls through radio signals, offering camera utilities, handling touch sensitive screen, display audio/video/graphical content but having little battery based power etc.

Thus, the system organization of a mobile system has components to handle all these. A mobile system's CPU handles diverse types of applications but has a little power compared to computers as mobile systems run on battery power.




These days major components of a mobile system are integrated on a single chip called System on a Chip (SoC). The SoC chips consume less power compared to other alternatives.

Mobile systems are composed of various components and subsystems that work together to provide functionality, performance, and user experience. Here are the main parts of mobile system organization:


Mobile Processor (Mobile CPU)

This is the brain of a smartphone. The CPU receives commands, makes instant calculations, plays audio/video, stores information and sends signals throughout the device.

The CPU of a mobile system has majorly two sub-processor² types: (i) Communications Processing Unit (ii) Applications Processing Unit (APU)

  • Communications Processing Unit. [Mobile System I/O Unit] This subsystem is responsible for making and receiving phone calls on a mobile handset. It has a digital signal processor that helps it work with RF Transceiver and the Audio subsystem. Radio Signal Management Unit is responsible for connecting SIM (which provides a type of modem) to the base stations through radio signals. (3G/LTE/4G based cellular networks).
  • Applications Processing Unit (APU). This subsystem is responsible for governing controlling all types of operations taking place on a mobile system by running various types of mobile applications (apps).


Display Subsystem

This subsystem is responsible for providing display facilities, touch sensitive interface and touch sensitive keyboards. The moment one touches the screen on the smart phones, the touch presses the several dots associated with the option displaying over the display subsystem. The touch thus sends the binary code to the chip and the function is performed. 


Camera Subsystem

This subunit is designed to deliver a tightly bound image processing package and enable an improved overall picture and video experience. It has an integrated Image Signal Processor ensures things like instant image capture, high-resolution support, image stabilization, and other image enhancements.


Mobile System Memory

Like its other counterparts, a mobile system also needs memory to work. A mobile system's memory is comprised of following two types of memories:

(i) RAM (Random Access Memory): It is the work memory of your mobile system. The installed mobile apps, when run, are first loaded in the RAM and then executed. These apps remain in the RAM after you are no longer using them and then they are shifted to background. The more RAM you have on a smartphone, the better the performance and faster the phone will generally be. RAM does not store information once the device is turned off.

The more RAM you have on a smartphone, the better the performance and faster the phone will generally be. RAM does not store information once the device is turned off.

(ii) ROM (Read Only memory): The ROM or Read Only Memory is a part of mobile system's internal storage and it is not accessible for users to write on and is thus referred to as Read Only Memory. The ROM is basically Flash memory or technically EEPROM (electrically erasable and programmable read only memory). 

This ROM part of a mobile system internal storage is where operating system resides. It also has some preinstalled apps in this memory sections which cannot be deleted on users' end either. This is the reason why you don't get full internal memory as advertised on the Box, because a part of it has been used to house operating system and other pre-installed apps.


Storage

The external storage of a mobile system is also called expandable storage. It comes in the form of SD cards, or micro SD cards etc. It is the storage which can be removed easily by you and can be used for storing pictures, music, videos and the likes. To an extent, even the cloud storage can also be categorized as external storage.

When your device's storage is nearing its limit, it can significantly slow down operations, affect app functionality, and even lead to system crashes. To ensure smooth functioning, regularly review and organize your files. Delete unnecessary photos, videos, and apps that you no longer use.


Power Management Subsystem (Battery)

This subsystem is responsible for providing power to a mobile system. The mobile systems work on limited power provided through an attached battery unit. This subsystem has a battery management system that works with a battery charger and a battery unit, and provides power to the mobile system in required form.

Most modern mobile devices use lithium ion (sometimes called Li-ion) batteries, which consist of two main parts: a pair of electrodes and the electrolyte between them. The materials that these electrodes are made of varies (they can be lithium, graphite, or even nanowires), but they all rely on the chemistry of lithium.

Sodium-ion batteries represent an alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries for energy storage and release, utilizing sodium ions instead. The abundance and comparatively lower cost of sodium compared to lithium render sodium-ion batteries a more cost-effective choice.

Comments

Post a Comment

For any correction, doubts or suggestion, please let me know

Popular posts from this blog

Preprocessor Directives in C

-
Image
 Preprocessing is an initial phase to process text before compilation. Preprocessor directives are lines of the source file where the first non-whitespace character is #, which distinguishes them from other lines of text. It operates under the control of preprocessor directive which is placed in the source program before the main(). Before the source code is passed through the compiler, it is examined by the preprocessor for any preprocessor directives. The preprocessor directives are always preceded by a hash sign (#). The preprocessor is executed before the actual compilation of program code begins.  Therefore, the preprocessor expands all the directives and take the corresponding actions before any code is generated by the program statements. No semicolon (;) can be placed at the end of a preprocessor directive.  Advantages of preprocessor directives The advantages of using preprocessor directives in a C program include: Program becomes readable and easy to understand  Program can b
Read more

Function Generator

-
Image
 In electrical and electronics engineering, a function generator is usually a piece of electronic test equipment or software used to generate different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. Some of the most common waveforms produced by the function generator are the sine wave, square wave, triangular wave and sawtooth shapes. These waveforms can be either repetitive or single-shot (which requires an internal or external trigger source). Another feature included on many function generators is the ability to add a DC offset. Integrated circuits used to generate waveforms may also be described as function generator ICs. In particular it can be made to become a sine wave generator, square wave generator, and triangular wave generator. Also a function generator may be able to vary the characteristics of the waveforms, changing the length of the pulse, i.e. the mark space ratio, or the ramps of the different edges of triangular or sawtooth waveforms. The function ge
Read more

The World Of Linux

-
Image
Linux is an open source operating system (OS). It was originally conceived of and created as a hobby by Linus Torvalds in 1991 . Linus, while at university, sought to create an alternative, free, open source version of the MINIX operating system, which was itself based on the principles and design of Unix. That hobby has since become the OS with the largest user base, the most-used OS on publicly available internet servers, and the only OS used on the top 500 fastest supercomputers.  Perhaps the best thing about Linux is that it's open source. Linux is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL). That means that anyone can run, study, share, and modify the software. The modified code can also be redistributed, and even sold, but must be done so under the same license. This differs greatly from traditional operating systems—Unix and Windows, for example—which are proprietary, locked-down, and delivered as-is and unmodifiable. From smartphones to cars, supercomputers and h
Read more